Results结果

For businesses fighting the tide of the economy, spending money on user-centered design seems like an illogical thing to do.为企业争取的潮流，经济，把钱花在以用户为中心的设计好像一个不合逻辑的事。 However, that is exactly what a recent webcast from Human Factors International suggests.然而，这正是最近网上直播 ，从人的因素，国际建议。 The well-known usability company is helping businesses prepare for slow economic times by focusing on connecting with users through great design.著名的可用性公司是帮助企业作好准备，缓慢的经济时代，由侧重于连接用户通过伟大的设计。 Some of their suggestions include:他们的一些建议，包括：

• Adopt “wide-angle lens” thinking 采取“广角镜头”的思想

To weather a rough patch, businesses should focus on long-term goals and stay the course on projects that will extend beyond a short-term slowdown.天气一个粗略的修补程序，企业要着眼于长远目标和逗留的过程中的项目会延长超越短期放缓。 As the webcast pointed out, most recessions in recent years have lasted just 17 months or less, and many businesses have development cycles much longer than that.作为网络直播指出，大部分的衰退，近年来已持续了仅17个月或以下，许多企业都开发周期远远超过这一点。 By keeping an eye on the ultimate goal, you can ensure that you will be prepared with the best offerings once the situation improves.通过持续关注的最终目标，您就可以确保你将准备与最好的产品，一旦情况好转。

• Spend where it counts 花如计数

According to a recent Forrester report, top organizations across industries are spending money to improve usability and make online customer interactions more enjoyable.根据最近的Forrester报告，自上而下的组织全国产业是大洒金钱，以改善可用性和使网上客户互动，更愉快。 While it may seem counterintuitive, laying out a little money on research can make a big difference during economic times.虽然它可能看起来与直觉相违背，奠定了一点钱的研究可以作出很大的不同，在经济时代。 Unfortunately, this is often exactly where companies cut back.不幸的是，这往往正是公司削减。 However, by getting to know your customers better and investing in their needs, you can help stabilize profits and revenues by keeping loyal users and attracting new ones.然而，越来越了解您的客户提供更好的投资在他们的需要，您可以帮助稳定的利润和财政收入保持忠诚的用户和吸引新。

• Innovate 创新

One sure way to avoid the pitfalls of a recession is to innovate a new product or service that gets consumers excited.一肯定的方式，以避免陷阱的衰退是创新的一个新的产品或服务得到消费者的兴奋。 Our economy is largely based on faith, and if consumer confidence increases, so does consumer spending.我们的经济在很大程度上是基于对信仰，如果消费者信心增加，那么消费。 A revolutionary new product or service can gets users buzzing and spending, and it can uniquely position your business to survive a slowdown intact.一个革命性的新产品或服务能得到用户的热闹和消费，而且可以独特的地位，您的企业生存放缓不变。

• Align across teams 全国统一队

Many businesses streamline their employee structure during recessions, often with layoffs.许多企业简化其雇员结构在衰退，往往与裁员。 This does not have to be the solution if you can foster communication and organize teams to perform at a higher level.这并不一定要解决，如果您可以促进沟通和组织小组，以执行在一个更高的水平。 Just as geese fly in a V-pattern to reduce drag and improve efficiency, you can align efforts to reduce overlap and improve workflow.正如鹅飞在一个V型的模式，以减少阻力，提高效率，您可以对齐努力，以减少重叠和改善工作流程。 One way to do this is through collaborative tools like WIKIs and online document sharing.其中一个方法做，这是通过协作工具，如Wikis的和在线文档共享。 Give teams the ability and incentive to share knowledge, work together, and improve performance; this will eliminate duplicative efforts and save you money and man-hours.团队的能力和激励，分享知识，一起工作，并改善性能，这将消除重复的努力和您节省金钱及工时。

• Validate and measure success 验证和衡量成功

While this is an important development step for any product during good economic times, it becomes doubly useful during a recession.虽然这是一项重要的发展步骤，任何产品在良好的经济时代，它就成为双有用的在经济衰退。 Test features, gather user feedback, and apply metrics to help with future upgrades.测试功能，收集用户反馈，而且适用于数据，以帮助未来的升级。 By continually improving your service and features, you ensure that customers will continually find new value with each visit or interaction.通过不断改进自己的服务和功能，您确保客户会不断地寻找新的价值与每次访问或互动。 This builds loyalty and excitement for your product and gives users the assurance that their needs are recognized and implemented.这是建立客户忠诚度和兴奋，为您的产品，并提供给用户保证他们的需要，是承认和执行。

Though we all must make changes during an economic slow-down, it is possible and even essential to keep the value that your users require.虽然我们都必须作出改变，在经济缓慢下来，是有可能的，甚至是必须保持的价值，您的用户需要。 By thinking long-term, investing in user experience, providing innovative products, cutting down on internal overlap, and continuously improving products, businesses can ensure that a recession does not sink their prospects.由思想的长期性，投资于使用者的经验，提供创新的产品，降低对内部重叠，并不断改进产品，企业可以确保经济衰退并不击沉他们的前景。 Visit Human Factors International for more information and additional webcasts.访问人为因素，国际的更多信息和额外的在线研讨会。

Usability testing for websites has gone from a nice option for big companies to a necessity for everyone.可用性测试的网站，已经历了一个由尼斯选择大公司的必需品，每个人。 Real-world users are more demanding than ever before, and web-based companies are putting practices in place that ensure the best experience for users of all descriptions.真实世界的用户更高的要求比以往任何时候都和基于网络的公司正在把做法在的地方，确保最佳的经验，所有使用者说明。 However, a good user experience is made up of several different key factors, some of which are based in psychology and some of which are purely technical.然而，良好的用户体验是弥补了几种不同的关键因素，其中一些是基于在心理和其中一些纯粹是技术性的。 In order to ensure the best customer experience, you should consider not only your user’s gut reaction to your site, but also their computer’s gut reaction. ，以确保最佳客户体验，您应该考虑不仅是您的用户的肠道反应到您的网站，而且他们的计算机的胃肠反应。

Conducting user testing on a website is generally designed to measure the psychological aspects of usability.进行测试的用户在网站上一般是旨在衡量心理方面的可用性。 The goal is to see how a sample user will find the information or product they need, if they’re able to intuitively navigate the site, and their first impressions of your company or product based on the site.目标是要看看如何的样本，用户将找到所需的信息或产品，他们需要的，如果他们能够直观地浏览网站，以及他们的第一印象贵公司或产品的基础上的网站。 A good example of this can be found in the testing done by the usability team at Bungie and Microsoft prior to the release of Halo 3.一个很好的例子，这是可以发现在测试所做的可用性队在Bungie的和微软之前，释放最后一战3 。 They carefully tested all the aspects of game play to ensure that players were having fun, that the tasks were not too difficult, and that the game flowed smoothly from one scene to the next.他们仔细测试的所有方面，游戏，以确保球员们玩乐，任务不太难，而且游戏流到顺利从一个场景到下一个。

This can also be accomplished when building a website for public use.这也可以完成时，建设一个网站，供市民使用。 You can recruit participants at a coffee shop, from employees, or from friends and family to explore your site and critique the design.您可以聘请参加在咖啡馆里，来自雇员，或从朋友和家人，探索您的网站和批判的设计。 To get the most detailed responses, consider asking the following questions:得到最详尽的回应，考虑要求以下问题：

• How did you find out ….?您是如何找出… 。吗？
• What did you expect to see when you …?什么是您期望看到的当您… … ？
• Was it clear what steps you were supposed to take?它明确了哪些步骤，你要采取？
• What do you think would happen if you…?您怎么看会发生如果您… … ？
• What features did you find particularly useful/useless?哪些功能你找到特别有用/无用的呢？
• Did you find that text/photo/video helpful or distracting?没有您发现文字/照片/影片帮助或分心呢？
• How does this experience compare to our competitors?请问这方面的经验比较，我们的竞争对手？
• What questions would you like to see in our FAQ?什么问题，你们是不是想看看在我们的常见问题？

Answering these questions will give you a complete picture of how users react to your site’s design and architecture.回答这些问题将会给你一个完整的图像用户如何反应，您的网站的设计和建筑。 This psychology-based approach can help you push out new features or pare down existing features based on your customer’s expectations.这个心理学为基础的方法可以帮你推出新的特点或削减现有功能的基础上您的客户的期望。

Another aspect of usability, however, is the actual nuts and bolts of your site.另一个方面的可用性，但是，是实际的螺帽和螺栓，您的网站。 How long does it take to load?需时多久，以负荷？ How fast is your user’s connection?如何快速，是您的用户的连接呢？ Can your site handle a huge spike in traffic?可以在您的网站处理了巨大穗在交通？ These are the hidden aspects of usability, and they’re often overlooked since much of the testing is done internally.这些都是隐藏方面的可用性，同时，他们还在往往被忽视，因为大部分的测试是在内部做了。 Here are some important metrics to test your website’s technical performance:这里有一些重要的指标之一，以测试您的网站的技术性能：

• Connection speed连接速度
• Browser used所用的浏览器
• Objects loaded物体载入
• Time to load时间加载
• Video playback视频播放
• User location用户位置
• Peak usage times高峰使用时间

Making a list of checkpoints like the one above can help you conduct comprehensive performance evaluations.决策的名单检查站一样，上面可以帮助您进行全面的业绩评价。 This will remind you to test your website on a dial-up connection using Internet Explorer 6, or on an office broadband using Safari.这将提醒你，来测试您的网站上拨号连接使用Internet Explorer 6 ，或对办公室的宽带使用Safari 。

Internet users are becoming less and less patient, and a slow load time or incomplete experience can make the difference between making a sale and losing a customer.国际互联网用户越来越少的病人，和一个缓慢加载时间或不完整的经验，可以使差异作出了出售和失去客户。 Even if your design is beautiful and your architecture is intuitive, you still could be turning away customers because of technical shortcomings.即使您的设计，非常漂亮，和你的建筑是直观的，你仍然可以拒绝客户，因为技术的不足之处。 There are plenty of tools out there to help test website performance, and one of the leaders in this industry is Gomez .有很多工具有帮助的测试网站的性能，和领导者之一，在这个行业是戈麦斯 。 They have web-based products to implement website monitoring on all levels, as well as white papers to help you educate yourself about optimization techniques.他们有基于Web的产品实施监测网站所有层面上，以及白皮书，以帮助您教育自己关于优化技术。

Remember, today’s internet audience is sophisticated, demanding, and fickle.请记住，今天的互联网受众是复杂，要求很高，和多变。 They can, and will, go to a competing website if they cannot quickly and easily find what they need on yours.他们可以，而且将进入一个竞争的网站，如果他们不能快速，方便地找到他们所需要的对你。 Usability practices, both technical and psychological, can make the difference between retaining or driving away customers.可用性的做法，无论是技术和心理，可以使差异保留或赶走顾客。

Almost every enterprise within the software or application development world has acknowledged the need for metrics to measure the usability of their products.几乎每一个企业内部的软件或应用开发的世界已经承认有必要为指标来衡量的可用性，他们的产品。 However, as a recent Baseline Magazine article points out, almost no one is measuring the development process itself, which means that our processes are largely untested, inefficient, and potentially wasteful.但是，作为一个最近的基线杂志中的文章中指出，几乎没有人是衡量发展进程本身，这意味着我们的流程，主要是未经考验的，效率低，而且可能浪费资源。 Up to this point, the only research most managers do into their team’s success is to walk through the bullpens once a day and ask, “How’s it going?”到了这一点，唯一的研究大多数经理到他们的球队的成功是步行通过bullpens每天一次，并问： “怎样？ ”

This isn’t because of a lack of desire or a belief that this type of information gathering is unimportant.这不是因为缺乏欲望或信念，认为这种类型的信息收集是不重要的。 As Forrester researcher Carey Schwaber told Baseline , “The common units to measure developer productivity are variable or inaccurate.作为Forrester公司的研究员凯莉schwaber告诉基线 ， “共同的单位来衡量开发人员的工作效率是可变的或不准确的。 The fundamental problem is that it’s difficult to size software.” In other words, the metrics for measuring the development process have not been standardized, tested, or scaled to the industry.最根本的问题是，它的困难大小的软件。 “在其他换言之，指标来衡量发展过程中有没有得到规范，测试，或按比例向业界。

For this reason, most organizations gather absolutely no data on how their process is working, if they even have a formal process at all.基于这个原因，大多数组织搜集的数据绝对没有就如何他们的工作过程是，如果他们连一个正式的程序在所有。 Forrester research found that just 63 percent of managers had metrics in place at all, not to mention whether or not action was taken as a result of the data. Forrester Research公司发现，刚刚63 ％的经理人已在指标在所有，更遑论是否或不采取行动，由于该数据。 Also, the metrics they mentioned are general business concerns, and they are not specific to application or software development.此外，数据，他们提到的是一般业务的关注，和他们没有特定的应用或软件开发。 Common measurement points include employee productivity, cost management, defects, and scheduling; none of these points are tailored to what design and development teams actually do.共同的测量点，包括员工的生产力，成本管理，缺陷，和调度;所有这些点是针对什么的设计和开发团队，其实这样做。

For this reason, we’ve decided to make a short list of metrics that can be used specifically to measure the success of application development teams.基于这个原因，我们已经决定作简短名单的指标，可用于具体衡量成功的应用开发团队。 Here are a few metrics to consider implementing within your development process.这里有一些数据，以考虑实施您的发展进程。

Quality of product at each stage - Check often for problems or errors within the design. 产品质量在每一个阶段 -检查往往是问题或错误内部的设计。 These act as the metrics within the metrics.这些作为指标与指标。 It’s important to keep a running tally of issues at every stage so they can be solved as the need arises or as the project progresses.它的重要性，以保持运行相符的问题，在每一个阶段，使他们能够得到解决，作为必要时，或作为该项目的进展。 One of the factors of success is to show the client a working, quality proof of concept at key intervals.其中一个因素的成功是显示客户端的工作，质量证明的概念，在关键的间隔时间。 This lets your client know that you’re paying attention to details and you won’t forget to take the small steps that make the finished application high quality.这可让您的客户知道您注重细节，你不会忘记，采取小步骤，使成品的应用高品质。 This will also help convince the client that more time is needed if you run into scheduling concerns.这也将有助于说服客户需要更多的时间，如果您运行到调度的关注。 While fast food customers might want poor quality as quickly as possible, your clients probably don’t.同时，快餐的顾客可能想要质量差，尽快，您的客户可能没有。 They’ll be willing to wait if they know the finished product will be better in the end.他们将愿意等待，如果他们知道的成品会更好，在年底。

Effective management - The old saying, “There are too many cooks in the kitchen,” applies well to application development teams. 有效的管理 -古语， “有太多的厨师在厨房内， ”适用，以及应用开发团队。 Top heaviness is a sure way to create communication problems, which leads to a poor quality product.顶部过多的是一种肯定的方式，创造沟通的问题，这导致了质量较差的产品。 If your organization is structured in a less-hierarchical model, nominate one member of the team to take charge of communicating and assigning tasks.如果您的组织结构是在一个较低的层次模型，提名一位小组成员要负责沟通和分配任务。 Make sure your team has strictly defined roles, and check often to be sure that they’re collaborating and sharing key information.确保您的团队有严格界定的角色，并检查，往往可以肯定的，他们正在合作和分享的关键信息。 A great way to ensure collaboration is to use a project management application like Makibie Connect or Open Workbench .一个伟大的方式，以确保协作，是使用一个项目管理应用程序一样， makibie连接或开启工作台 。 These tools are designed to encourage communication and track scheduling for a team with diverse roles.这些工具的目的是鼓励通信和跟踪调度，为一组不同的角色。

Skill development - This is a great way to measure the success of your team in the long term. 技能发展 -这是一个伟大的方法来衡量成功，您的团队在长远。 When an individual developer can add new skills or knowledge to the process, you are better positioned to deliver unique value to your clients.当个别开发商可以添加新技能或知识的过程中，你是更好地定位于提供的独特价值，让您的客户。 If your group develops new skills or gains new insight, you have a great barometer of the success of future projects.如果您的集团发展新技能或取得新的洞察力，你有一个伟大的晴雨表的成功，将来的项目。 This metric also has the bonus of looking into the past.此指标，也有奖金寻找到过去。 Did your team create a better product than last year because of a seminar they attended or a new employee with unique insight?没有您的团队创造一个更好的产品，比去年因为一个研讨会，他们参加或一个新的雇员与独特见解？ Measuring the skill development of your group can show you not only short-term success but also long-term growth.测量技术的发展，您的小组可以为您显示，不仅短期成功，但也长期增长。

Business value - While it’s easy to dismiss this category as cost vs. return on investment (ROI), business value can be much more than simply tallying up your profits on any given project. 业务价值 -而这很容易解雇这一类的成本与投资回报率（ R OI） ，商业价值可以远不止简单地清点了您的利润在任何特定的项目。 If the application you deliver does not support any of your long term business goals, it does not matter how much money it brought in. A good example of this is in Starbucks’ recent decision to discontinue breakfast sandwiches.如果您的应用提供不支持任何您的长期业务目标，也不要紧，多少钱，它带来英寸一个很好的例子，这是在星巴克最近决定停止早餐三明治。 Financially, they were a success for the coffee giant, but they did not support the brand or the quality coffee that is Starbucks’ primary focus.在财政上，他们获得成功，为咖啡巨人，而是他们不支持的品牌或质量的咖啡是星巴克的主要重点。 The same concept should be applied to application development.同样的概念应适用于应用开发。 Not only should a product be financially successful, but it should also give your business a boost towards meeting fundamental goals and values.不仅要一个产品在财政上的成功，但它也应该让您的业务增加对会议的基本目标和价值观。

User satisfaction - This is undoubtedly the most important of all application development metrics. 用户满意度 -这无疑是最重要的是所有应用的发展指标。 Whether your code is perfect or your clients are pleased with the design, the only opinion which really impacts your success is that of the user.是否您的代码是完美的或您的客户很高兴与设计，唯一的意见，真的影响您的成功是该用户。 The best way to ensure user satisfaction throughout the development process is to implement frequent testing.最好的方法，以确保用户的满意程度在整个开发过程中是要落实频繁的测试。 The more users who examine your project, the more chance you have of getting it right.用户越多，谁检查您的项目，更多的机会，你获得它的权利。 Ideally, testing should be done every time you show the client a new prototype.理想的情况是，测试应该做的事在您每次显示客户端一个新的原型。 This will provide you with a laundry list of changes that need to be made before the next cycle.这将为您提供洗衣名单的变化，需要作出之前，下一个周期。

Most teams are asked to improve their productivity, quality, and cost-effectiveness, and most have no idea how to do so.最队要求，以改善他们的生产力，质量和成本效益，最根本不知道如何这样做。 These traditional metrics serve simply to justify your team’s existence to the powers that be, but that is not always enough.这些传统的数据服务，只是为了证明您的团队的存在，以权力，但并不总是不够的。 Using a set of data points specific to application development can not only justify your existence, but also prove your unique value within any given enterprise.使用一组数据点的具体应用开发，不仅可以证明你的存在，但也证明你的独特价值，与任何特定的企业。

Much buzz has surrounded the recent release of Halo 3, and much of it has focused on Bungie’s and Microsoft’s usability efforts. Wired.com ran an article earlier this fall describing the usability process that Halo 3 went through prior to release.很多言论已经包围了最近发布的最后一战3 ，大部份都集中在Bungie的的和微软的可用性的努力。 wired.com然一篇文章，较早前在今年秋季描述可用性的过程，最后一战3经历了前释放。 The game was tested by hundreds of participants, and their reactions to every aspect of game play were monitored through one-way mirrors by psychologists and usability experts.游戏进行测试，由数百名参加者，他们的反应的每一个方面，游戏进行了监测，通过一双向反射镜由心理学家和可用性专家。 These in-depth studies were conducted to ensure that the game was not too difficult to be fun, intuitive, and would provide fans with a consistent experience across the brand.这些在深入研究进行，以确保该游戏并不太难好玩的，直观的，并会提供球迷与一贯的经验，全国各地的品牌。

This marriage between applied psychology and usability is becoming more common in the corporate world, and it is the very essence of providing a user-centered product.这之间的婚姻应用心理学和可用性是越来越常见，在该公司世界，这是非常的本质提供了一个以用户为中心的产品。 Heuristics and error prevention are wonderful tools to use in web development, but they do not ask or answer the essential questions of human behavior.启发式检测和错误预防是美好的工具来使用在Web开发中，但他们并没有要求或回答的基本问题，人类行为的。 Is your application fun to use, is it easy to figure out, does it frustrate the user, or does it aid him/her in accomplishing something desirable?是您的应用程序充满使用乐趣，是很容易搞清楚，是否妨碍用户，或是否援助的他/她在完成了一些可取的呢？ How does a user feel when using this site?用户如何感觉时，使用本网站？ At ease or infuriated?在纾缓或愤怒？ Indifferent or engaged?漠不关心，或从事？

Because Halo 3 is a wildly popular game and expectations were high for the end of the trilogy, the developers had to be sure they had the tools to answer these questions.因为最后一战3是一个广受欢迎的游戏，并期望很高，为年底的三部曲，发展商，以确保他们有工具来回答这些问题。 With psychologists monitoring every move, participants tested all levels of the game, providing data both verbal and visual to the psychologists.与心理学家监测的一举一动，参加测试的各个层面的游戏，提供数据都口头和视觉向心理学家。 For example, if the main character “Master Chief” was getting killed by evil aliens too quickly or at the same point in the game, the experience would not be much fun for players.例如，如果主要特征的“师父行政”越来越被邪恶的外国人的太快，或在同一点，在游戏中，经验将不会有太大的乐趣球员。 The data collected by psychologists suggested that players were dying at certain points because they couldn’t find ammunition stockpiles or didn’t see an approaching cliff.所收集的资料心理学家建议，球员们死亡，在某些点，因为他们无法找到弹药储存或没有看到临近悬崖。 They solved these problems with simple graphics tweaks to keep the game fun for players.他们解决这些问题，简单的图形调整，保持游戏的乐趣球员。

One of the other overall strategies of the Halo developers was to limit bloody, intense battle scenes to 30 seconds.另一位的整体策略的哈洛发展是限制血腥，激烈的战斗场面，以30秒。 This is another example of applying psychological principles to create highly usable applications.这是另一个例子，运用心理学原理，以建立高度可用的应用。 Experts are divided about the actual average length of an adult’s attention span, but they generally agree that it is shrinking.专家分左右，实际平均长度一成人的注意力，大跨度，但他们普遍认同，这是萎缩。 Though interested in the game, Bungie assumes that users cannot concentrate on the intensity of a battle for much longer than 30 seconds and still enjoy themselves.虽然有兴趣在游戏中， Bungie的假设用户无法专注于强度一战远远超过30秒，并仍然享有自己。

By employing psychological testing on their newest product, Bungie and Microsoft have another critical success with Halo 3.由雇用的心理测试，他们的最新产品， Bungie的和微软的另一个成功的关键，与最后一战3 。 Using the methods and tools of psychology can explain not only when users are succeeding or failing, but also why.使用的方法和工具的心理学可以解释不是只有当使用者是成功或失败，但也是为什么。 It takes into account what they feel when they visit your site: frustration, peace, anger, fun, or satisfaction.它考虑到了什么，他们觉得当他们访问您的网站：挫折感，和平，愤怒，好玩，或满意度。 We could all take a page from the gaming world’s book in creating applications that seek to entertain and ensure the satisfaction of the user.我们都可以采取一个网页，从游戏世界的书在创建应用寻求娱乐，并确保满意的用户。

Long gone are the days of “counters” at the bottom of a web page, eagerly tallying the number of visitors to a site.长期的日子已经一去不复返了“柜台” ，在底部的一个网页，热切地清点人数，访问者访问网站。 Not only are they outdated, but they also don’t accurately indicate the success or failure of a site.他们不仅没有过时，但他们也没有准确地表明，成功或失败的一个网站。 After all, it’s possible that half those visitors left your site immediately, blinded by the bold red font on a blue background or annoyed by the pop-up ads.毕竟，这有可能是一半访客离开网站的即时，蒙蔽了大胆的红色字体对蓝色的背景或恼火由弹出式广告。 Counters also do not tell you what a visitor did on your site and if they were able to find what you were hoping they would find.柜台，也没有告诉你什么访客没有在您的网站上，如果他们能找到什么，你希望他们会发现。

Analytics can help where counters cannot by providing more than just the number of views but also more detailed information which can help you fine-tune your website’s performance and usability.分析可以帮助那里的柜台不能提供更多的不仅仅是数量的意见，但也更详细的资料可以帮助您微调网站的效能和可用性。 They can tell you where a visitor is located, what pages or buttons on your site are particularly sticky, how long they spend browsing, and at what point they left.他们可以告诉你，如果访客的位置，哪些页面或按钮在您的网站上特别棘手的，多久他们花浏览，以及在什么时候，他们离开。 Analytics, when done right, also present your data in a format that anyone can understand and interpret, and they give you the feedback you need to make your site usable and successful.分析时，做了正确的，也出席了您的数据在格式，任何人都可以理解和解释，他们会给你反馈您需要，使您的网站实用和成功的。

Analytics provides the user with metrics, ie measurements, that help determine how visitors are using a site.分析用户提供的数据，即测量，帮助确定如何访问者所使用的网站。 Metrics include any number of the following:指标包括任何数目的下列事项：

• where a user is located (based on IP address)如果用户是位于（基于IP地址）
• click path throughout your website/application点击路径整个您的网站/应用
• what task they did last什么任务，他们去年
• what type of browser they use什么类型的浏览器，他们使用
• which page is the most popular哪个网页是最受欢迎的
• how each of your pages performed如何您的每一个网页的表现
• how many unique visitors access a site有多少独特的访问者访问网站
• how much time a visitor spends on a site多少时间，一访客停留在某个网站上
• if a visitor is new or returning如果访问者是新的或返回
• which areas of a page they clicked on哪些领域的一个网页，他们就点击
• which page a visitor “bounced” or left the site from哪个网页访客“反弹” ，或离开现场，从

While all of these metrics can give valuable information about a site, some are obviously more pertinent than others, and this largely depends on the purpose of the website itself.而所有这些数据可以提供宝贵的资料，约一个网站，有些显然是更中肯的比其他人，这在很大程度上取决于的目的，网站本身。 If your site focuses on e-commerce, you’ll want to know how visitors found you (what site they linked from), how they found the item in which they were interested, whether or not they purchased that item, etc. Knowing how your site is used will help you better tailor your website for your customer.如果您的网站侧重于电子商贸，您想知道访客如何找到你（这是什么网站，他们的联系从） ，他们如何发现项目，使他们有兴趣，不管他们是否购买该项目时，知道如何等。您的网站是用来将帮助您更好地调整您的网站，为您的客户。

On the other hand, if your website is content based, you’ll be more interested in how long a visitor spends on a page, and how they got to your site in the first place.在另一方面，如果您的网站是基于内容的，您会更有兴趣在多久访客停留在一个网页上，以及它们如何到了您的网站摆在首位。 A website like CNN would use this information to determine what types of stories capture the attention of visitors, and they would cycle the headlines appropriately.一个网站像CNN将使用此信息来确定哪些类型的故事，捕捉注意的旅客，他们将周期的头条新闻，妥善处理。 A popular blog might form partnerships for sponsored links with other similar blogs, directing traffic to one another.热门博客可能结成伙伴关系，为赞助商链接与其他类似的博客，指挥交通到另一个。 A health care provider might set up an FAQ section when they realize users are leaving their site because they cannot find the information they need.健康护理提供者可能会设立一个常见问题解答一节时，他们认识到用户离开他们的网站上，因为他们无法找到他们所需要的信息。 This is how analytics increase the usability of a site.这是分析如何提高可用性的一个网站。 The criteria they measure provides the feedback designers and developers to conduct usability studies.准则，它们量度提供了反馈设计和开发进行的可用性研究。 Some analytics services, like Clicktale , record a user’s visit like a movie, allowing you to see exactly where they progressed naturally and where they stumbled or failed to find what they needed.一些分析服务，例如clicktale ，记录用户的访问一样，看电影，让您确实看到他们的进步，自然和他们偶然或未能找到他们所需要的。 The metrics provided by analytics help determine your level of success in making a usable site.该指标所提供的分析帮助确定您的水平，取得圆满成功作出了实用的网站。

It use to be that only large web companies with big budgets implemented some form of analytics, because the service was often prohibitively expensive and the data was difficult to understand.它的使用要，只有大型网络公司与大预算实施某种形式的分析，因为服务往往是昂贵和数据很难理解。 All that changed in 2005 when Google released its free tool, aptly named Google Analytics.所有这些改变在2005年时， Google推出了免费的工具，恰当地命名为Google的分析。 This created an explosion of websites using analytics to track their website’s visitors.这创造了一个爆炸的网站使用Analytics来追踪其网站的访客。 Nowadays, only the tiniest of websites go without metrics.如今，只有最小的网站去，没有指标。 Analytics are not a nice supplement any more, they’re a necessity.分析是不是一个很好的补充，任何更多，他们的必需品。 Smart website owners will take the information gathered by analytics services and implement the changes implied by this data.智能网站所有者会采取所收集的资料分析服务和实施的变化所隐含的这一数据。 For example, if the vast majority of your visitors are coming from Québec, consider a mirror site in French to serve those users.例如，如果绝大多数您的访客都来自魁北克，考虑一个镜像网站在法国服务的用户。 If your visitors always bounce on a particular page, put some serious thought into changing the look or organization of that portion of your site.如果您的访客每次都跳出一个特别网页，把一些严重的思想转化，改变外观或组织的那部分您的网站。 Analytics are only useful if their “advice” is heeded.分析只有有用的，如果他们的“劝喻”是从善如流。 For those who use this service correctly, analytics act as an ongoing usability test that allows for constant improvements in the performance of the website, making adjustments in the user experience and ultimately ensuring success.对于谁使用这项服务的正确，分析作为一项持续的可用性测试，可以不断改进，在表现的网站，作出调整，在用户体验，并最终确保取得圆满成功。

What are your customers really doing? 什么是您的客户是否真的在做什么？

Reviewing website metrics is the easiest and most efficient way to see how your customers use your website.审查网站的数据是最容易和最有效的方法，看看如何您的客户使用您的网站。 In examining this information, website owners can gain a sense of how many people are visiting their website, where the visitors are coming from, where they are entering and exiting, the average number of pages viewed per visit, and other facts that will educate the website owner.在研究这方面的资料，网站所有者可以得到的感觉，究竟有多少人访问他们的网站上，访问者都来自那里，他们正在进入和退出，平均人数，浏览过的网页，每次访问，和其他的事实，将教育网站所有者。 These statistics will allow you to better analyze how your customers are using your website including the effectiveness of your marketing efforts.这些统计资料将让您更好地分析您的客户如何使用您的网站，包括营销方案的有效性的努力。

The goal of website traffic analysis is to assess how well or how poorly your website is working for your visitors.目标网站流量分析是评估如何好或如何不好您的网站工作是为您的客人。 From these statistics you can gain valuable insight around how your customers are using your web applications, and if necessary, make enhancements to improve the overall customer experience.从这些统计数字可以得到宝贵的见解左右，您的客户如何使用您的Web应用程序，如果有必要，作出加强，以改善整体客户体验。

The following terms are commonly found in most analytic tools: 下列术语普遍发现在大多数分析工具：

Hits: There seems to be some confusion regarding the terms used to describe website visitor traffic. 点击：似乎有些混乱，所使用的术语来形容，网站访客流量。 We usually hear website owners speak in terms of “hits” to their website.我们通常会听到网站所有者在发言的条款“点击”在自己的网站上。 Hits don’t accurately describe the number of visitors viewing the website – they are actually just any sort of HTTP request made to your server.点击不准确描述的旅客人数查看网站-他们其实只是任何形式的H TTP请求作出您的服务器。 Not only are requests made for website pages, but also for all the images and other files associated with viewing a single page.不单是提出的要求，为网站的页面，而且还为所有的图片和其他文件关联看单页。 Therefore, one page view could actually result in dozens of hits.因此， 1页检视的结果，其实可以在几十个安打。 If a single user visits many pages on your website, this visit could generate hundreds or even thousands of hits.如果一个单一的用户访问许多贵网站上的网页，这次访问可能会产生数百甚至数千的点击率。 This can excite some website owners, but this number is not a reliable indicator of how many people have actually visited the website.这可以刺激一些网站所有者，但这个数字是不可靠的指标，有多少人实际上访问的网站。

Number of Unique Visitors: The term that website owners want to focus on is the amount of unique impressions that are generated by their website. 一些独特的访客：任期网站业主要集中在是金额独特的展示所产生的在自己的网站。 A unique impression will measure the number of actual people visiting the website based on their IP address, browser, and operating system.一个独特的印象，将措施的实际人数人访问该网站的基础上，他们的IP地址，浏览器和操作系统。 No matter how many “hits” a visitor registers on your website, the server will record the session as one unique visit.无论有多少“点击”访客登记在您的网站上，该服务器会记录会议的一独特的访问。 Thus, the number of unique visits gives us a much better idea of the amount of traffic the website generates.因此，一些独特的访问给了我们一个更美好的构思，交通量的网站上生成。 What we want to look for is a trend in the average number of unique visitors.我们要寻求的是一种趋势，平均有多少独特访客。 On a day to day basis, there may be a good amount of volatility in the number of unique visitors, but we want to pay attention to the trend of the average number of visitors per month.对每一天的基础上，可能会有一个良好的金额波动，在一些独特的访客，但我们要注意的趋势，平均旅客人数每月。 Optimally, we’d like to have the number increase on a monthly basis.最佳的，我们想要有数目增加，对每月的基础上。

Entry Page Statistics: From these statistics we can learn which page people are using to enter your website. 进入页面统计：从这些统计数字我们可以了解有哪些网页的人所使用的输入您的网站。 Most visitors will enter from your home page, but you may notice that up to 50% of your website traffic originates from a page other than your home page.大多数访问者将进入从您的首页，但您可能会发现，高达50 ％的您的网站流量来源于一个网页以外的其他您的首页。 It’s important that your website has an easy-to-use navigation structure to ensure that visitors can find the information they are looking for, even if they don’t enter through your website’s main page.它的重要的是，您的网站有一个易于使用的导航结构，以确保旅客能够找到的资料，他们正在寻找的，即使他们没有进入通过您的网站的主网页。

Bounce Rate: The bounce rate can be defined as the percentage of people who visit your website and immediately leave. 跳出率：跳出率可以被界定为百分比的人谁访问您的网站，并立即离开。 Don’t get worried if your bounce rate is high – most websites have a bounce rate of about 50% or so.不要担心，如果您的退回率是高-网站大多有一个退回率约5 0％左右。 If the bounce rate is unusually high, you can experiment with your website to try and retain more visitors.如果退回率是异常的高，您可以尝试与您的网站，试图和留住更多游客。 Maybe you need more enticing graphics, less text, faster loading pages, or a more engaging design.也许你需要更多的诱人的图形，文字少，更快的加载的页面，或一更吸引人的设计。

Exit Page Statistics: These statistics will show you where people are leaving your website. 退出页的统计数据：这些统计数字将显示您的人们所处的离开您的网站。 When you know which page is losing the bulk of your website’s visitors you can experiment with some changes in an attempt to retain more visitors.当你知道哪一页是失去了大部分的您网站的访客您可以尝试一些变化，试图保留更多旅客来港。

Average Time & Page Views Per Visit : Website visitors are very goal-oriented and task-driven. 平均时间及网页的意见，每次访问 ：网站访问者都非常注重目标和任务驱动的。 Upon visiting your website, most visitors will merely scan the page to quickly determine whether or not it contains the information they are searching for.后访问您的网站，大部分旅客将只扫描网页，迅速决定是否或不是它包含的信息他们正在寻找。 By analyzing the average amount of time spent on your website and the average number of page views per visit, you can determine how engaging your website’s content is.通过分析平均金额花费的时间在您的网站上的平均数目页的意见，每次访问，您可以决定如何从事您的网站上的内容。 The key to retaining visitors and increasing the number of page views is to have relevant and interesting information on your website.关键和留住访问者的数目增加网页的意见是有相关的和有趣的信息在您的网站上。 Remember – content is key!记得-内容是关键！

Top Referring URLs: This statistic lets you know where the bulk of your website’s traffic is coming from. 最常引用的网址：这份统计资料，让您知道那里的大部分您网站的流量是来自。 This is important if you’re pursuing a website marketing campaign or search engine optimization campaign because you can easily judge the campaign’s effectiveness by looking to see how many visitors each marketing method is generating.这是很重要的如果您追求的网站营销活动或搜索引擎优化运动，因为您可以很容易地判断该运动的成效，看看看有多少旅客，每个营销方法是发电。

Top Search Words & Phrases: This information will let you know which keywords and phrases visitors are searching for in Google and the other search engines in order to find your website. 顶端的搜索字词与词组：此信息将让你知道哪些关键字和词组的旅客正在寻找在Google和其他搜索引擎，以便找到您的网站。 With this information you can gauge the effectiveness of a search engine optimization campaign, or get an idea of how your website’s keyword density should be altered to position it for the keywords and phrases that you’re targeting.与这方面的资料，您可以衡量的成效，搜索引擎优化运动，或得到的思想，如何在您的网站的关键字密度应该改变它的立场，向为关键字和词组说，您的定位目标。

Country of Origin: If your product or service has global appeal then knowing where your customer comes from globally is important to you. 原产国：如果您的产品或服务具有全球上诉，然后知道哪里你的客户来自全球重要的是要你。 For instance, if you own a retail store that caters to the European Union and you notice that 90% of your website traffic is coming from the US, then it can easily be determined that you need to rethink your online marketing strategy.例如，如果您有自己的零售商店，迎合欧洲联盟和你的通知， 90 ％的您的网站流量是来自美国，那么它可以很容易被确定，您需要重新思考您的在线营销策略。

Companies who do not measure the customer experience of their website or applications are at a disadvantage because there are so many businesses out there that do and those companies are capitalizing on what they have learned.公司谁不衡量客户的经验，在自己的网站或应用方面处于不利地位，因为有这么多的企业有不和，这些公司充分利用他们的经验教训。 There are several free and easy-to-use applications such as Google Analytics, which allows businesses to measure their success in metrics.有几个自由和易于使用的应用，如Google的分析，这使得企业来衡量他们的成功指标。 For more advanced applications or richer measurements Gomez is a better choice.为更先进的应用程序或更丰富的测量戈麦斯是一个更好的选择。

Paying attention to user needs and analyzing how your customers are using your website will ensure that your web applications are easy to use and will increase the chances that your customers will want to come back again and again.重视用户的需求和分析您的客户如何使用您的网站将确保您的Web应用程序是易于使用，并会增加的机会，您的客户将要回来一次又一次。

The term “web accessibility” means simply to make more of the Internet accessible to more people.术语“网页易读性”是指纯粹为了使更多的互联网查阅更多的人。 Usually the term implies greater access for people with disabilities.通常来说，意味着更多地进入为残疾人士。 These impairments may include visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, and neurological disabilities.这些缺陷可能包括视觉，听觉，肢体，言语，认知，和神经系统的残疾人士。 Initiatives to improve web access in this way can include speaking guides that render web pages in an audio format for the blind.措施，以改善Web Access中，这样才能发言，包括指南，以使网页在1音频格式为盲人。

However, web accessibility is not limited to any single population but is a principle of web design that makes sites and software more flexible in order to meet vastly different user needs, preferences, and situations.不过，网页易读性并不局限于任何单一的人口不过是一个原则，网页设计，使网站和软件更灵活，以满足很大的不同用户的需要，偏好，和情况。 From a grandmother in Boise managing her grandchildren’s photos online, to the PDA belonging to a plumber in New York that gets an alert from an email program, to a paraplegic athlete in Quebec who uses special tools to access the web; the ideals of web accessibility seek to accommodate all, as if serving a single individual, website or piece of communications technology.从祖母在博伊西管理她的孙子孙女的照片上网， PDA的属于一个水喉匠在纽约表示获得提高警觉，从一个电子邮件程序，一个截瘫运动员在魁北克谁使用特殊工具，存取网路;理想网页易读性，寻求容纳所有，如果服务的一个单一的个人，网站或一块通信技术。

Why Is Web Accessibility Important?为什么网页易读性的重要？

Because the Internet has become such an important resource when it comes to education, employment, government and health care, it is essential that it be made more accessible to provide equal access and equal opportunity to people with disabilities.因为互联网已经成为一个如此重要的资源，当谈到教育，就业，政府和医疗保健，这是十分重要的，它变得更方便提供平等机会和平等的机会人士，残疾人士。 Additionally, providing greater access to the web can help people with disabilities play a greater role in and achieve more fulfillment from society.此外，提供更大的访问网络，可以协助残疾人士发挥更大的作用，实现更圆满，从社会。

The possibility of unprecedented access to information and interaction for all people, via the Internet, has become even more real with the advent of usability and accessibility.的可能性，前所未有的获取信息和互动，为所有的人，透过互联网，已变得更加真实与的来临，可用性和无障碍。 Web technologies are easily overtaking the accessibility barriers to print, audio, and visual media, for the benefit of us all.网络技术是很容易超越无障碍环境的障碍，打印，音频和视觉媒体，以造福我们所有人。

One of the hidden advantages of web accessibility is that it also makes the quality of the code that programs websites better.其中一个隐藏的优势，网页易读性的是，这也使得高质量的代码程序的网站做得更好。 Many of the practices that are used to make a site more accessible are the same guidelines that developers should follow as part of good coding practices and is also what a good designer does to make a site more usable.许多做法，被用来使网站更容易是相同的准则，发展商应遵循的一部分，良好的编码做法，又是什么一个很好的设计师，使网站更加实用。

Making the Web Accessible使网络访问

While it is web developers and the software that they use that are the infrastructure that pave the way for web accessibility, it is really the responsibility of CIOS and managers to value the benefits of making their websites accessible to a greater audience.虽然这是Web开发人员和软件，他们使用，这对基础设施铺平道路网页易读性，实在是有责任的CIO和经理人的价值的好处，使他们的网站获得更大的观众。 The organizational decision-making needs to favor software that helps developers produce and evaluate accessible Web sites, and be usable by people with disabilities.组织决策的需要，有利于软件，帮助开发人员制作和评价访问的网站，并可以使用人与残疾人士。

The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) develops guidelines and techniques that describe accessibility solutions for web software and web developers, among other roles.该网页易读性倡议（围）发展的指导方针和技术描述无障碍解决方案，网络软件和网络开发，除其他的角色。 The WAI guidelines are considered the international standard for web accessibility.该围的指引，被认为是国际标准的网页易读性。

To learn more, read: Essential Components of Web Accessibility .要了解更多资讯，请参阅： 不可或缺的组成部分网页易读性。

In terms of your company’s presence on the Internet, your website is everything that your customers, your employees, and your support staff are able to see.在条款贵公司的存在，在互联网上，您的网站就是一切您的客户，您的员工，和你们的支持工作人员能够看到的。 Despite being a two-dimensional world, you can do a great deal more with your website than you can with your office, and you can do it faster, cheaper and with greater room for creativity.尽管作为一个两维世界，你可以做了大量更多与您的网站超过您可以与您的办公室，您也可以这样做更快，更便宜和更大的创作空间。

Of course, the same rules of common sense and decorum apply to the Internet as much as anywhere else, even if sometimes that evidence is in short supply.当然，同样的规则普通常识和礼仪适用于互联网多达其他地方，即使有时证据是在供应短缺。 Try to approach the design and functionality of your website from the perspective of those who will actually be using it, the golden rule being: Do unto others as they would find easiest done.尝试的做法，设计和功能，您的网站从这些角度来看，谁真正使用它，金科玉律是：己所不欲，因为他们会觉得容易做。 Find ways to get feedback and act on the information you’ve been given to move in a more constructive direction.设法得到反馈并采取行动的资料，您一直在考虑提出在一个更有建设性的方向发展。 At the heart of user-centered design is the notion that users gravitate towards what suits them best.在心脏，以用户为中心的设计概念是，用户gravitate对什么适合他们的最好的。 The more users you have, the more robust your business will be.用户越多，您有，更有力的您的业务会。

1.) Usability Basics 1 ）可用性的基础

You want to make sure you have a simple, easy-to-use website…but likewise, simple should not be misunderstood as boring .你要确保你有一个简单，易于使用的网站… …但同样， 简单，不应该被误解为沉闷 。 There’sa happy medium to be struck where your surfers’ attention can be gained and maintained easily.有快乐中等须所在网友注意，可以取得和保持轻松。 To each user, a website should feel intuitive, as if it were designed expressly with that individual in mind.向每个用户一个网站，应该感到直观，如果它的目的是明确与个人的主意。

2.) Organization 2 ）组织

Think of a website like a crime syndicate: the better organized it is, the more successful it will be.认为一个网站一样，一个犯罪集团：组织得更好，这是，较为成功的将。 The fewer loose ends your website has, the less you have to worry about.越少的枝节问题您的网站，那么你有担心。 The more half-naked girls you put out there, the more hits on your site…okay, forget about that last one.更半裸体女孩你把在那里，更安打在您的网站上…好吧，忘记，去年一。

Rather, remember: every aspect of your website should have a place and a purpose.相反，请记住：每一个方面您的网站应该有一个地点和目的。

3.) Simplicity 3 ）简单

Simplicity means more than just functionality of design or what widget goes where on a page.简单的手段不止的功能，设计或什么的小装置哪里在一个网页上。 It’sa sense of a streamlined form in your website, and it has to do with everything from click-through to readability (a feature that too many errors, for example, can significantly hamper).这是意识，一个精简的形式在您的网站，它必须做的一切，从按一下以可读性（一种功能，错误太多，举例来说，可显着阻碍） 。 Simplicity is both what makes a site elegant and functional.简单是什么使这两个网站的优雅和功能。 Consider this saying from the Tao Te Ching by Lao-Tzu (translation by Stephen Mitchell):考虑这句话从道德由老子（翻译由斯蒂芬米切尔） ：

We join spokes together in a wheel,我们加入辐条在同一个车轮，
but it is the center hole但它是中心孔
that makes the wagon move.这使得旅行车动议。

We shape clay into a pot,我们形成粘土成一锅，
but it is the emptiness inside但它是空虚内
that holds whatever we want.拥有无论我们希望。
We hammer wood for a house,我们锤木材为一所房子，
but it is the inner space但它是内部空间
that makes it livable.这使得它适合居住。

We work with being,我们的工作与福利，
but non-being is what we use.但非正正是我们使用。

This is more than some inscrutable Eastern philosophy.这是多一些inscrutable东部哲学。 When you fill a website with every clanging color and jangling array of options, there is no emptiness to use, to lead a user where he needs to be.当您填好的网站，每clanging颜色和jangling阵列方案，有空虚，没有使用，导致用户的地方，他需要得到。 A path is filled with emptiness, but it is exactly what is required to convey someone from point A to point B.道路是充满空虚，但它究竟是要求转达有人从A点，以点乙

4.) Color 4 。 ）颜色

We are visual creatures and we like the shiny.我们是视觉的动物，和我们一样，有光泽。 It is, perhaps, how a website called “hampsterdance” once became ubiquitous.这是，也许，如何一个网站的所谓“ hampsterdance ”一旦成为无处不在。 Even better, it’s the effective use of color that can make the difference between professional and deplorable.甚至更好，它的有效使用颜色，可以使差异的专业和可悲的。

5.) Content 5 。 ）的内容

Well written content is just as important as any other design element on the page.写得不好的内容是一样重要的任何其他设计元素在网页上。 Keywords (the terms that are used to find information on search engines like Google) that are skillfully embedded into the text but do not overwhelm it will draw users to your site, and, once they are there, will be integrated seamlessly to the overall feel of the content.关键字（所用术语来查找信息的搜索引擎，如Google ）都巧妙地嵌入到文本，但没有压倒它会吸引用户到您的网站，和，他们一旦有，将被整合到无缝的整体感觉的内容。 This is how to implement search engine optimization without sacrificing syntax or usability.这是如何实施搜索引擎优化在不牺牲语法或可用性。 Well written content will complement the design and will provide a warm welcome to the users who use your site.写得不好的内容将补充设计，并会提供的来访表示热烈欢迎用户谁使用您的网站。

A final tip?最后的秘诀呢？ Seek professional help.寻求专业人士的协助。

No, not a psychiatrist—although if the thought of building and maintaining a professional-looking website is giving you thoughts of the couch, it’s definitely time to consider handing the reins to a professional web design firm.不，不是一个精神科医生，尽管如果思想建设和维持一个专业外观的网站是给你思考的沙发上，它的一定时间来考虑移交缰绳，以专业的Web设计公司。

There you have it: add a splash of chartreuse and this article would have followed the rules of website design itself.有你有：添加一个醒目的chartreuse和本条将遵循的规则网站设计本身。 How meta-meta functional!如何中继-中继功能！

What is Usability? 什么是可用性？

“Usability” is often used to describe two related, but distinct, concepts. “可用性”是经常被用来描述两个相关的，但不同的，概念。 Usability can define the quality of a system, or it can refer to a process or set of techniques implemented during a design and development project.可用性可以定义质量的一种制度，或它可以是指一个过程，或设置技术实施期间，设计和发展项目。 This second aspect is sometimes described as usability engineering, and is more accurately called user-centered design.这第二个方面是有时被称为可用性工程，是更准确地所谓以用户为中心的设计。

As usability refers to the quality of a system and the process of designing a usable system is “the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use (from the ISO 9241-11).”作为可用性是指质量体系和设计过程中一个可用的系统是“在何种程度上的产品可以用指定的用户要达到指定的目标与效益，效率和满意度在一个指定的背景下使用（从国际标准化组织9241-11 ） “ 。

Broken down and simplified, ISO 9241-11 outlines that:细分和简化，国际标准化组织9241-11概述：

1. 1 。 There are specified users of the system.有指定该系统的用户。
2. 2 。 Those users have a set of specific goals.这些用户都有一套具体的目标。
3. 3 。 The system should allow user goals to be met effectively, efficiently and with an outcome that at least meet the goals of the user.该系统应允许用户目标，以达到有效，有效和1的结果至少达到的目标用户。
4. 4 。 The system will be used in a particular context (within a physical location or business process).该系统将被用于在一个特定背景（一个物理位置或业务流程） 。

A system that is designed to c